Buddhism presupposes the existence of the soul and its cycle of rebirth in the Dharma Realm. Naturally, the twelve links of dependent originations are also taught under this premise.
1.Ignorance / 2. Volitional Formations
First, in the figure, items “1 .Ignorance” and “2. Volitional Formations” represent the conditions that lead a soul to take on a human form.
“Ignorance” refers to the state of being clouded by afflictions from the beginning of timelessness. “Ignorance” means being in the dark about the truth, representing “unawareness” or “misunderstanding.”