A significant portion of the cosmos is composed of mysterious entities known as dark matter and dark energy. Dark matter, which does not emit, absorb, or reflect light, comprises around 27% of the universe. Its gravitational effects are observed in the rotation of galaxies and the large-scale structure of the cosmos. Despite its prevalence, the nature of dark matter remains enigmatic, with scientists yet to identify its fundamental constituents.
Dark energy, constituting approximately 68% of the universe, is responsible for the accelerated expansion of the cosmos. Unlike dark matter, dark energy repels rather than attracts, creating a cosmic force that defies our traditional understanding of gravity. The origin and nature of dark energy pose one of the most profound challenges in modern astrophysics.