Lombroso’s work dominated thinking about criminality in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Criminals who displayed “atavistic traits” received harsher sentences. In some cases, those traits were weighed even more heavily than witness testimony or physical evidence.
And all of this because of a single study in which only 40% of criminals displayed any trace of Lombroso’s “primitive” characteristics.
I guess the other 60% committed more evolved forms of robbery and murder.