How to Calculate Internal Energy, Work, and Heat
<p>Think of the “system” as the “chemical reaction.”</p>
<p><strong><em>The Internal Energy of a system</em></strong> = the sum of the kinetic and potential energies of all the “particles” in the system (the reaction).</p>
<p>➞ this internal energy (E) can be <em>changed</em> by a flow of <strong>work (w)</strong>, <strong>heat (q)</strong>, or both:</p>
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