Tag: Theorys

Currently, the foundational physical theories are Einstein’s general theory of relativity, which describes gravity and has been confirmed by many observations and experiments, and quantum mechanics, which represents the behavior of particles and fundamental interactions such as weak, strong, a...

20th-century physics says everything is made up of point particles with a bunch of different properties. But where do these properties come from and where does gravity fit in? Particle physics is a bit of a misnomer — modern understanding suggests these particles are excitations i...

The applicability of graph theory in the context of web2.0 is obvious, with websites like Facebook (undirected graph of friendships) and Twitter (directed graph of followings) built around them. Another obvious application is in computer networks. The field of operations research, which started with...

The beta distribution is a continuous probability distribution for data with discrete outcomes. I’ll use an example to help us understand it better. Let’s say our store manager at the local supermarket did a stock count of the remaining green and red apples in the basket before closing t...

The first approach is to consider the 13 different outcomes of the cards. To start, we know that there are four suits of cards, hearts, diamonds, spades, and clubs. In each suit, there are 13 cards, ranging from 2 to A. Therefore, each card has 1/13 probability. Let’s say you get a card with a...