Tools for a Different Kind of Thought

The human body is a hot topic. After months of an AI-fueled hype hurricane, it seems as though some clear lines are emerging. A ceiling exists on the returns we can expect from our current approaches. Their intelligence is limited by the very aspect of their nature that infuriates us the most — their disembodiment. Just this week, Jacob Browning and Yann LeCun <a href="https://www.noemamag.com/ai-and-the-limits-of-language/" rel="noopener ugc nofollow" target="_blank">published an article</a> detailing this perspective. Without sensory experience and its systemic feedback, accurate models of the universe and the intelligence they enable seem impossible to build. This is profound. It is profound, not merely as an interesting problem for AI researchers, but because of what it implies as a model of intelligence — for us. What exactly is the body’s role in intelligence? If we can answer that question, we might be able to build tools that capitalize on the answer, taking advantage of our mind’s relationship with our body to help us become better problem solvers. What might these tools look like? <h1>Embodied Intelligence</h1> It’s fairly clear that the state of our peripheral nerves and organs influences what goes on upstairs. For example, take memory, <a href="https://medium.com/@phlip007/intelligent-enough-10ac3622e865" rel="noopener">the basis of intelligence</a>. When we talk about memory, we often break it into its constituent pieces, such as declarative (associated with recall, reasoning, and “intelligent” language use) and procedural (associated with bike riding and other “muscle memories”). How we use the rest of our body affects these systems. Anecdotally, many studies have found that aerobic exercise <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7601303/" rel="noopener ugc nofollow" target="_blank">can improve the encoding and later retrieval</a> of both of these kinds of memory. What about cognition? One of my favorite examples of this comes from Shumita Roy and Norman Park, of York University, Toronto. Their approach is interesting because they focus on a facet of our intelligence that we share with only a handful of other creatures: tool use. In <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/s13421-016-0600-4" rel="noopener ugc nofollow" target="_blank">one study</a>, they attempted to deal with both declarative and procedural memory systems in isolation, but found that effective tool use required their collaboration. However, that’s all happening downstairs … what about more abstract reasoning? In his 2017 book, The Reading Mind, <a href="http://www.danielwillingham.com/" rel="noopener ugc nofollow" target="_blank">Daniel Willingham</a> makes a strong case for the primitive nature of reading, and all of the activities it enables. He explains a simple progression, whereby our visual, spacial, tactile, and auditory senses — highly developed for survival — were coopted for the purposes of communicating bits of information between individuals. This shows up in obvious ways, such as pictography. However, it also seems to have influenced the angles and symbols we used when we developed alphabets, choosing geometries most similar to our natural environment. <a href="https://www.noemamag.com/what-ai-can-tell-us-about-intelligence/" rel="noopener ugc nofollow" target="_blank">It seems very likely</a>, though there is still debate, that this same process was at work in the development of all forms of symbolic reasoning. <a href="https://medium.com/@phlip007/tools-for-a-different-kind-of-thought-945793a4798a">Click Here</a>