All magistracies in the Roman state were divided into ordinary (elective) and extraordinary, to which magistrates were appointed by one of the branches of power. Ordinary magistracies included the consul, praetor, and censor. Over time, lower magistracies were added: aedile, quaestor, tribune of the plebs. Extraordinary magistracies included the dictator, master of the horse, interrex, decemvir, military tribune with consular power, and triumvir. The last position emerged during the Second Triumvirate and had the same extraordinary powers as a dictator. But, as the name of the position implies, not to one person, but to three simultaneously.
The Passage of Shakyamuni Buddha into Nirvana
This rare and important hanging scroll by the Japanese artist TOSA YUKIHIRO* depicts the passing of the historical Buddha Shakyamuni into nirvana. In Buddhist…