Fuel Cells: How they work and will they work?
<p><strong>Central electrolyte layer:</strong> This thin, dense membrane allows only protons to pass between the electrodes while blocking electrons. Typically made from specialty materials like Nafion or solid oxides.</p>
<p><strong>Anode and cathode electrodes on either side of the electrolyte:</strong> Made of conductive materials like platinum, gold, or carbon. These electrodes catalyse the chemical reactions and provide a porous structure to maximise surface area.</p>
<p><strong>Gas diffusion layers (GDLs):</strong> Surround the electrodes and are made of porous carbon cloth/paper. Evenly distribute reactant gases and remove product water.</p>
<p><strong>Bipolar plates:</strong> Provide structural support and conduct electrons between cells. Contain flow channels to guide reactants and coolant.</p>
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